3D printing for Cultural Heritage

As many of you know,

since last year we are working on the preparation of the open source exhibition "FACCE. I molti volti della storia umana" (here some news in ATOR: 1, 2 and here the official page and the FB page). Of course all the software we are using are Free and Open (FLOSS), but for some particular exhibits, we are working also with open hardware.

Our interest in this specific topic dates back to 2006, when we started investigating the potentialities of open hardware in archeology, especially in the field of aerial photography e rapid prototyping. We get the first results in 2008, with our UAVP prototype (here some news from ATOR: 1, 2) an all the other UAV we built (KK, etc...).

For the exhibition the main open hardware we used are 3D printing machines. We experienced different solutions: +Leonardo Zampi printed the 3D model of the Taung Child thanks to the Kentstrapper machines, an ideal choice if you want an hardware which is ready to work out of the box (here the related articles: 1, 2)...

The Taung Child printed in the Volta printer (Kentstrapper)

... and we build our own device from the scratch, a Fa)(a 3D, thanks to +Giacomo Falaschi  and +silvio tassinari , of Roma Makers.

Building the Fa)(a 3D at Roma Makers lab.

One of the main issue in 3D printing for Cultural Heritage is to replicate an object in the right scale (otherwise you will just print a souvenir) and this is why it is very important to know how to perform a 3D scan, but also how to post-process your data ( (in ATOR you will find a lot of informations about this), in order to send the right file to the machine.
Here are some example of the models we are printing for the exhibition (scale 1:1): some 3D skulls of hominids (different individuals of Homo georgicus) we were able to scan, tanks to the kindness of Prof. David Lordkipanidze, during our mission to Tiblisi and Dmanisi. We will use them to prepare some Augmented Reality interactive exhibits related to paleoart.

3D printed skull (side view)

3D printed skull (front view)

And here is a short video of our Fa)(a 3D in action:

Have a nice day!

The Taung Child is now touchable, thanks to 3d printing

As Luca Bezzi said in his presentation in Catania, the next step in the Taung project was 3d printing; in a previous post, I explained some issues we found in the original mesh. But thanks to Cicero's suggestions, the problems have been fixed, and 3 days ago Kentstrapper finally printed the Taung Child skull.

Here are some images:

The .stl model

Kentstrapper strongly believe that 3d printing can be a real revolution in education and culture. And, of course, in archaeology 3d printing should also be a great change in museum expositions: facial reconstructions, scale models of ancient buildings or (as in this case) plastic copies of finds could make archaeology much more easily understandable for visitors.

HERE you can download the final .stl file of the skull.

Cro-Magnon - yet another forensic facial reconstruction

Second Wikipedia:

"Cro-Magnon  is an informal name for the first early modern humans (early Homo sapiens sapiens) of the European Upper Paleolithic".

Thanks to Prof. Dr. Moacir Elias Santos from Brazil that sent an 3D scanned skull (by PPT) the reconstruction was possible.

A tissue depth table used for this work was De Greef et Al (tip of Heritage Malta). The reference was modern europeans.

The sequence of the works have not special. It was the same of past articles.

I hope you enjoy.

A big hug!

From Youtube to Blender: Forensic facial reconstruction of a child mummy

This post is about a practical application of a serie of studies published here in this blog.

After I started to study about forensic facial reconstruction I saw that is much more easy to find videos of CT-Scan than the DICOM files and other tomography formats.

A way to convert a video in a reconstructed mesh was described here.

Some days ago I was reading about mummies (desperate to find a CT-Scan) and I found this post:

http://erl.wustl.edu/research/imseg/mummy.html

It talks about a child mummy of St. Louis, that lived in a range of 40 BC and 130 AD. He died with 7 or 8 months.

Inside the matter had a video with some seconds of a CT-Scan slicing. I was able to convert it in a reconstructed mesh, and after I found a video on Youtbe with more qualty and I used it to make the final mesh, used in this post.

I downloaded the video with Videodownload Helper (Firefox) and it was converted in a image sequence and after in a serie of DICOM files.

Unfortunately I lost the original vetorial file and now we have only the infographic in Portuguese version, like you can see below (but it have a lot of images, that dispensing you to read it).

To make a reconstruction with historical and archaeological foundation I had the help of Moacir Elias Santos, archaeologist of the Egypt Museum and Rosacruz, from Brazil.

The animated gif above shows the extracted frames of the animation converted into a CT-Scan. I reduced the slices to make it more didatic.

I had a serie of dificulties to find landmarks to use on the child's face, cause appear that it doesn't exist. So I use a average of 3-8 year and rescale it to have at least a reference.

I use a serie of babies pictures to draw the line of the neck and ears.

Moacir sent me a compose image with the original mummy, that you can see below.

I hope you enjoy this post. I see you in the next. A big hug!

How to make 3d scan with pictures and the PPT GUI

More than ever before 3D models have become a "physical" part of our life, how we can see in the internet with 3D services of printing.

Some people have many difficult to get a model to print... well, not only to print, but to write an scientific article, make a job, or just have fun.

With this tutorial you'll learn how to scan 3D objects to use it the way you want.

Before all, I would like to thank all friends that help me to write this tutorial mainly Bob Max of the ExporttoCanoma's blog that publish interesting posts about GIS and now are interested in SfM (like all good nerd who works with 3D).

It's impossible to forget Pierre Moulon, the developer os Python Photogrammetry Toolbox (PPT), and Luca Bezzi e Alessandro Bezzi, developers of the ArcheOS and PPT GUI.

This tutorial includes many examples and some source files that will help you to learn how works the PPT.

So, lets go!

The image above show the object that we'll scan in this tutorial

How to make 3d scan with pictures and PPT GUI

First of all is necessary to download the Python Photogrammetry Toolkit on: http://www.arc-team.homelinux.com/arcteam/ppt.php

After download and unzip you have to edit the ppt_gui_start file putting the right path of the program (in orange).

Now, if you are in Linux is only run the script edited:

$ ./ppt_gui_start

Once the program is opened, click on “Check Camera Database”.

With the Terminal/Prompt by side, click in “Select Photos Path”.

Choose the path and then click on “Open”.

Click in “Run” and wait a little.

If all is OK, you’ll see a message in the Terminal:

Camera is already inserted into the database

If not, you can customise with this videotutorial:

http://vai.uibk.ac.at/dadp/doku.php?id=ppt_check_database_en

Now, make a copy of the path.

1) Go to “Run Bundler”.

2) Past at “Select Photos Path”.

1) To make a good scan quality, click on “Scale Photos with a Scaling Factor”, by default, the value will be 1. If you have a computer with less power of processing, do not make this step (1), and go directly for the step bellow (2).

2) Click on “Run”.

Wait a few minutes, the program will solve the point clouds.

You will know that the solve is done when in the Terminal appear the message:

Finished! See the results in the '/tmp/DIRECTORY' directory

In this case the message was:
Finished! See the results in the '/tmp/osm-bundler-ibBZV9' directory

The Nautilus will be opened to, showing the directory with the files.

OBS.: If you area really curious, you can open the Bundle directory and see the .PLY files in Meshlab. But is better wait, because this point clouds is not good to make reconstruction/convertion into a mesh.

Go to the Terminal, where appeared the path with the solve, and make a copy of it.

1) Go to the “or run PMVS without CMVS”
2) Click in “Use directly PMVS2 (without CMVS)”

1) Paste the path in “Select Bundler Output Path”
2) Click on “Run

When the process is done, you’ll see a new directory named “pmvs” appear.

So, you have to enter in “models” and search for a file named “pmvs_options.txt.ply”. If all is OK it is the final process of solving.

OBS.: It’s a good idea copy the osm-* directory for your home, because it will be lost in the next boot, because the /tmp directory.

When you open the “pmvs_options.txt.ply” file in Meshlab you’ll see that the points cloud is really dense now, with almost the quality of a picture.

Only appear a picture or a mesh... notice that the “Points” is a way of view selected.

If you select “Flat Lines” for an exemple, the points clouds will desappear... because, obviously... it’s a --points-- cloud.

Click again in “Points” to see the points cloud and:

1) Click on “Show Layer Dialog” (A)

2) So, will appear a new element in the interface with the name of the object, in this case “pmvs_options.txt.ply” (B)

Go to “Filters” -> “Remeshing, simplification and reconstruction” -> “Surface Reconstruction: Poisson”

A new window will appear with the defaults value of “Octree Depth” and “Solver Divide”

1) Change the values to:

Octree Depth: 11

Solver Divide: 9

2) Click in “Apply”

OBS: This vlues can crash the program if you computer do not have a good power of processing.

If all runs OK, you will notice two things:

1) A lot of new write points over the reconstruction.

2) A new layer in the upper right named  “1 Poisson mesh *”

But, when we comeback to “Flat Line” to see the mesh, strange things can happen. In this case, the algotithm Poison created one type of ball to reconstruct the mesh.

We can see it better when we orbit away the model.

So, to make the door visible, we:

1) Come back to the “Points” view (A)

2) Orbit the scene to see the side of the door.

3) Click on “Select faces in a rectangular region”

So:

1) We make a window selection on the region that will be deleted (1A-2A)

2) Click on “Delete the current set of selected faces”.

Now we can see the mesh in the correct side.

But, when we change the type of view to “Smooth”, we see the mesh write without the colors of the points cloud.

To paint the mesh with the color of the points cloud we can go to:

Filters -> Sampling -> Vertex Attribute Transfer

A substancial part of this step was learned with this video: http://vimeo.com/14783202

A new window will appear.

You’ll have to invert the objects, because the “pmvs_options.txt.ply” is the real source mesh, that will be the base to paint, and the “Poisson mesh” will receibe the colors, so it is the Target mesh.

When you click on “Apply” immediatly you’ll see the mesh colored, like the image above.

If you wanna send this mesh to other software like Blender, you can go to:

File -> Export Mesh As..

Choose a place to save the .PLY file.

If all is OK, the mesh will be imported on Blender (or other software) perfectly.

Other examples:

If you wanna you can download a sequence of pictures of Taung Child (anim. above) to make your own test here: 

http://www.museidironzone.it/ATOR/dati/taung_pointcloud.ply

And see if match with the final result here:

http://www.museidironzone.it/ATOR/dati/taung_sfm.zip

I hope it has useful to you.

A big hug and I see you in the next article!